The dynamics between trade openness and innovation The case of the Uruguayan exporting company
Abstract
This document attempts to investigate whether the level of trade openness has an influence on the probability that Uruguayan manufacturing companies carry out innovation activities. It is shown that the level of commercial openness, considered this as the percentage of exports in the level of total sales, positively influenced the innovation activities carried out by the Uruguayan manufacturing companies, in particular the activities that had to do with R&D, both internal and external, intellectual property, engineering and design, marketing and brand management and management of the innovation itself. It also emerged from the research that the existence of formal R&D units and state support also positively influenced the probability that the companies were innovative.Keywords:
Actividades de innovación, Apertura comercial, Industria manufacturera, UruguayReferences
Anh N. N., Ngoc Q. P., Chuc D. N. y Nhat D. N. (2008). Innovation and exports in Vietnam’s SME sector. The European Journal of Development Research, 20 (2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578810802060801.
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) (2009). I Encuesta de actividades de Innovación en servicios Uruguay, 2004-2006. Principales resultados. Colección Indicadores y Estudios Nr. 2. Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación. Montevideo. Mayo 2009. ISSN: 1688-5139.
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) (2015). Encuesta de actividades de innovación en la industria manufacturera y servicios seleccionados (2010 -2012). Principales resultados. Colección Indicadores y Estudios Nr. 9. Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación. Montevideo. Agosto 2015.
Albertoni, N. y Horta, R. (2021). Análisis de la evolución teórica de estudios vinculados a la internacionalización de la empresa. Estudios de Administración, 28(2), 76-96. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0816.2021.64571
Albertoni, N. y Horta, R. (2022). Trade Policy Preferences in Times of Uncertainty: The Case of Exporting Firms in Uruguay. Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness and Governability, 16(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.3232/GCG.2022.V16.N1.01
Albertoni, N. y Wise, C. (2021). International trade norms in the age of Covid-19 nationalism on the rise? Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 14(1), 41-66.
Aw, B., Roberts, M. y Yi Xu, D. (2008). RyD Investments, Exporting, and the Evolution of Firm Productivity. The American Economic Review, 98 (2), 451-456.
Azar, G. y Ciabuschi, F. (2017). Organizational innovation, technological innovation, and export performance: The effects of innovation radicalness and extensiveness. International Business Review, 26, 324-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.09.002
Banco Mundial (2019). Base de datos del Banco Mundial. Recuperado el 20 de mayo de 2019 de: https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=UY
Basile, R. (2001). Export Behaviour of Italian Manufacturing Firms over the Nineties: The Role of Innovation. Research Policy, 30, 1185-1201.
Banco Central del Uruguay (BCU) (2017). Informe Trimestral de Cuentas Nacionales. Montevideo. Banco Central del Uruguay (varias ediciones del informe).
Becker, S. O. y Egger, P. H. (2013). Endogenous Product versus Process Innovation and a Firm’s Propensity to Export. Empirical Economics, 44, 329-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-009-0322-6
Bernard, A. B. y Jensen, B. J. (2004). Why some firms export? Review of Economics and Statistics, 86 (2), 561-569.
Bleaney, M. y Wakelin, K. (2002). Efficiency, innovation, and exports. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00001
Bodlaj, M., Kadic-Maglajlic, S. y Vida, I. (2020). Disentangling the impact of different innovation types, financial constraints, and geographic diversification on SMEs' export growth. Journal of Business Research, 108, 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.043
Breznik, L y Hisrich, R. D. (2014). Dynamic capabilities vs. innovation capability: are they related? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21 (3), 368-384. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2014-0018
Caldera, A. (2010). Innovation and Exports: Evidence from Spanish Manufacturing. Review of World Economics, 146 (4), 657-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-010-0065-7
Camacho, M., Jung, A., Horta, R. y García, S. (2010). ¿Cómo innovan las empresas exitosas en Uruguay?: una aplicación del modelo “la cometa de la innovación”. Montevideo. Universidad Católica del Uruguay.
Campoy, D. (2014). El contenido tecnológico de las exportaciones uruguayas. Anuario 2014. Montevideo. Oficina de Programación y Políticas Agropecuarias, (OPYPA).
Carhuaricra Ubillus, A. y Parra Mujica, F. (2016). Inversión Extranjera Directa y evolución de las exportaciones: La experiencia peruana en el marco de APEC. Journal of Business, 8 (1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.21678/jb.2016.77
Cassiman, B., Golovko, E. y Martinez-Ros, E. (2010). Innovation, exports, and productivity. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 28, 372-376.
Chen, W. C. (2012). Innovation and duration of exports. Economics Letters, 115, 305-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.063
Chen, T., Chen, X., Wanga, C. y Xiang, X. (2018). Export behavior and firm innovation: New method and evidence. Economics Letters, 170, 76-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.05.029
Cieślik, A., Michałek, J. J. y Szczygielski, K. (2016). Innovations and export performance: firm-level evidence from Poland. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4 (4), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040402
Cieślik, A. y Michałek, J. J. (2017). Innovation Forms and Firm Export Performance: Empirical Evidence from ECA Countries. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5 (2), 85-99, http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050205
Cieślik, A. y Michałek, J. J. (2018). Process and product innovations, multiproduct status, and export performance: firm-level evidence from V–4 countries. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 13 (2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2018.012
Cieślik, A., Qu, Y. y Qu, T. (2018). Innovations and Export Performance: Firm Level Evidence from Chinese Firms. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 6 (4), 27-47. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2018.060402
Confederación de Cámaras Empresariales (2016). Desafíos en materia de Competitividad: Una mirada desde la óptica empresarial. Montevideo. Confederación de Cámaras Empresariales.
http://www.ciu.com.uy/archivos/2016/Documentos/Documento_competitividad.pdf
Damanpour, F. y Aravind, D. (2011). Managerial innovation: Conceptions, processes, and antecedents. Management and Organization Review, 8, 423-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00233.x
Damijan, J. P., Kostevc, Č. y Polanec, S. (2008). From innovation to exporting or vice versa? Working paper 43. Editor of the WP series: Boris Majcen. Institute for Economic Research. Ljubljana, December 2008.
Estrada, S., Heijs, J. y Buesa, M. (2006). Innovación y comercio internacional: una relación no lineal. ICE, Revista de Economía, 1 (830). https://doi.org/10.32796/ice.2006.830.941
Filipescu, D. A., Prashantham, S., Rialp, A. y Rialp, J. (2013). Technological Innovation and Exports: Unpacking Their Reciprocal Causality. Journal of International Marketing, 21 (1), 23-38. ISSN 1069-0031X (print) 1547-7215 (electronic).
Gkypali, A., Rafailidis, A. y Tsekouras, K. (2015). Innovation and export performance: do young and mature innovative firms differ? Eurasian Business Review, 5 (2), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0030-4
Golovko, E. y Giovanni V. (2011). Exploring the complementarity between innovation and export for SMEs' growth. Journal of International Business Studies, 42, 362-380.
Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., Kilic, K. y Alpkan, L. (2011). Effects of innovation types on firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 133, 662-676.
Harris, R. y Li, Q. C. (2009). Exporting, RyD, and absorptive capacity in UK establishments. Oxford Economic Papers, 61 (1), 74-103. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpn011
Harris, R. y Moffat, J. (2011). RyD, innovation, and exporting. SERC Discussion Paper 73. London. Spatial Economics Research Centre. LSE.
Heredia, J., Flores, A., Heredia, W., Arango, R. y Medina, L. (2019). How Innovation Influences on Export Performance: A Configuration Approach for Emerging Economies. Journal of Technology Management y Innovation, 14 (4), 54-65.
Horta, R. Camacho, M. y Silveira, L. (2015). Competitividad e innovación en la industria manufacturera en Uruguay. Revista CTS, 10 (28), 23-49.
Horta, R., Silveira, L. y Francia, H. (2020). Innovaciones y exportaciones: una nueva perspectiva de estudio de la industria manufacturera uruguaya. Estudios Gerenciales, 36(157), 402-414. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2020.157.3685
lacovone, L. y Javorcik, S. B. (2008). Getting ready: Preparation for exporting. Oxford. University of Oxford, Mimeo.
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) (2010). Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme CIIU Rev. 4 - Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme. Estructura y notas explicativas a cinco dígitos. Montevideo. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas.
Kafouros, M. I., Buckley, P. J., Sharp, J. A. y Wang, C. (2008). The Role of Internationalization in Explaining Innovation Performance. Technovation, 28 (1-2), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.07.009
Lachenmaier, S. y Wößmann, L. (2006). Does Innovation Cause Exports? Evidence from Exogenous Innovation Impulses and Obstacles Using German Micro Data. Oxford Economic Papers, 58, 317-350.
Lucángeli, J. (2016). Las Exportaciones Extra-Regionales de Manufacturas de los Países Sudamericanos. Nota Técnica N° IDB-TN-874. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Mayo 2016.
Love, J. H. y Roper, S. (2015). SME innovation, exporting and growth: A review of existing evidence. International Small Business Journal, 33 (1), 28-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614550190
Melitz, M. J. (2003). The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity. Econometrica, 71 (6), 1695-1725. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00467
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE)/European Communities (2005). Manual de Oslo: Guía para la recogida e interpretación de datos sobre innovación. Tercera Edición. Editado por OCDE y Eurostat. Tradución española Gupo Tragsa. ISBN 84-611-2781-1.
Oura, M. M., Zilber, S. N. y Lopes, E. L. (2016). Innovation capacity, international experience, and export performance of SMEs in Brazil. International Business Review, 25, 921-932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.12.002
Pla-Barber, J. P. y Alegre, J. (2007). Analyzing the Link between Export Intensity, Innovation and Firm Size in a Science-based Industry. International Business Review, 16 (3), 275-293.
Polo Otero, J. L., Ramos Ruiz, J. L., Arrieta Barcasnegras, A. A. y Ramirez Arbelaez, N. (2018). Impacto de la innovación sobre la conducta exportadora en el sector de alimentos y bebidas de Colombia. Revista de Análisis Económico, 33 (1), 89-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-88702018000100089
Porter, M. E. (2012). Microeconomics of Competitiveness. Core Concepts and Course Structure. Faculty Workshop, Boston, December 2012.
Rodil, Ó., Vence, X. y Sánchez M. C. (2016). The relationship between innovation and export behaviour: The case of Galician firms. Technological Forecasting y Social Change, 113, 248-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.09.002.
Roper, S. y Love, J. (2002). Innovation and export performance: evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1087-1102.
Roper, S., Love, J. H. y Añon, D. (2006). The determinants of export performance: evidence for manufacturing plants in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Scottish Journal of Political. Economy, 53, 586-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2006.00396.x
Smith, V., Madsen, S. E., y Dilling-Hansen, M. (2002). Do RyD Investments Affect Export Performance? Discussion Paper 2002-09, University of Copenhagen, Institute of Economics, Centre for Industrial Studies.
Uruguay XXI (2012). Informe anual de comercio exterior de Uruguay. Montevideo. Uruguay XXI.
Uruguay XXI (2016). Informe anual de comercio exterior de Uruguay. Montevideo. Uruguay XXI.
Uruguay XXI (2019). Informe anual de comercio exterior de Uruguay. Montevideo. Uruguay XXI.
Wakelin, K. (1998). Innovation and Export Behaviour at the Firm Level. Research Policy, 26 (7-8), 829-841.
Yang, C. (2018). Exports and innovation: the role of heterogeneity in exports. Empirical Economics, 55, 1065–1087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-017-1312-8
